Cucumber ( Cucumis sativusL.) is mainly monoecious crop. The number of female flowers had a great effect on the fruit yield. If plants have parthenocarpy trait, the yield of cucumber might increase. Cucumber in Taiwan cultivated in greenhouse in Kaohsiung and Pingtung. However, high temperature resulted in the change of sex expression of cucumber and bad quality. Breeding F1 cultivars with high femaleness, parthenocarpy, heattolerant traits and suitable for planting in greenhouse was our breeding target. Thirty S 3 , S 4,S 5and S 6inbred lines were selected for breeding materials. We also collected 20 cucumber lines. The collected 10 squash local and commercial varieties, cultivated and characters complete surveyed and produce inbred Seeds. Winter of 2016 to early spring 2017 cultivation pumpkin 57 inbred lines, in the spring of 2017 planting of 38 inbred lines , and in fall planting of 62 pumpkin varieties and singlefruit strains on F2-F8 generations, cultivated and characters complete surveyed and produce inbred Seeds. Assessment of the spring cultivated selected 15 strains by the good performance and to enhance generation in next planting season. Fall planting for cultivar comparison and character will be surveyed. And 40 test cross lines are made in spring and fall. 7 hybrids of C. maxima were cultivated in the field and 4 hybrids to got better performance. Bitter gourd is the most important fruit vegetable in summer, and the major producing area is in the South, Central Taiwan.Taiwan Seed Improvement and Propagation Station (TSIPS) was located nearby producing area in Taichung. We wanted to promote the fruit quality, yield and increase the farmer’s income, so we have been researching the bitter gourd breeding and research. For the collection and evaluation of germplasms , 129 lines accession of them were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of Bitter gourd. It showed significant difference among the gerplasms which revealed that the breeding program could be performed. We planted 20 test crosses in the farm this year. We compared those test crosses which are four lines(105ht03、105ht06、105ht15 and 105ht19) better than other lines, and these lines had better performance.

▲Fig1. Breeding for Cucurbitaceae vegetables-pumpkin
strains.

▲Fig2. Breeding for Cucurbitaceae vegetables-cucmber
new strain 140.

▲Fig 3. Breeding for Cucurbitaceae
vegetables-bitter gourd strains.