To enhance the domestic supply of organic seeds, this study focuses on organic rice and organic corn by collecting data on the quality of domestic organic seeds and comparing it with international standards to establish seed quality benchmarks, providing guidance for organic seed supply. After collecting the quality data of domestic organic rice and corn seeds, a comparison with the seed inspection standards for rice in Taiwan, India, the Philippines, West Africa, and Arkansas, USA, as well as the organic rice seed production regulations in the Philippines, reveals that if indoor inspection standards for purity are relaxed to 98% (based on India and the USA), and moisture content is adjusted to 14% (based on the Philippines and the USA), the current domestic organic rice seeds can meet these two criteria. However, in other categories such as different rice varieties and weed seeds, even when the standard is relaxed to the West African threshold of 38.5 weed seeds per kilogram, most organic rice still does not meet this requirement. The source of the organic rice is not from professional seed growers, and while no different varieties were found during field surveys, the mixing of varieties due to the use of mixed harvesting and processing machinery has led to variety contamination. Additionally, the relaxation of seed quality standards involves subsequent changes in organic seed quality and should be considered as a reference, not directly adopted. For field inspection standards, the weed regulations can refer to West Africa, which only requires inspection during the land preparation stage. Regarding disease regulations, the current standards prohibit any detection of pathogens. Domestic rice is commonly contaminated with the seedling blight pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi. Under organic farming regulations, chemical agents like Pocaradec (and other chemicals) are prohibited for seed disinfection. However, the current warm-water treatment technique is well-established and can effectively reduce the damage caused by seedborne pathogens like seedling blight. The level of pathogen contamination after warm-water treatment can be used as a reference for setting acceptable limits. An investigation of current conventional corn seed harvesting and organic corn seed variety "Tainan No. 7" shows that the germination rate meets the indoor inspection standards, and no major adjustments are needed. Based on indoor inspection standards, there is little difference between Taiwan, India, and the USA.

▲Fig. Identification of rice disease-causing fungus using the FFC medium for rice variety Taichung 192